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The Thirteen

French Histoire des Treize Division Scenes of Parisian Life Published 1833 Pages 378

The first part of the History of the Thirteen, Ferragus plunges into the secret Paris of passions and occult societies. The young officer Auguste de Maulincour glimpses the beautiful and virtuous Mme Jules — Clémence Desmarets — entering a shady house in a disreputable quarter; convinced he has surprised an infidelity, he begins to follow and investigate her, upsetting a fragile equilibrium by his curiosity. But Clémence conceals no lover: she visits in secret her father, Ferragus, a former escaped convict become, under a false identity, the all-powerful chief of the Devorants, the mysterious association of the Thirteen whose ramifications extend through all of Paris. By persisting in piercing this secret, Maulincour draws upon himself the implacable vengeance of this brotherhood: poisoned by degrees, struck by inexplicable ills, he wastes away and dies, crushed by an invisible power. The husband, Jules Desmarets, also won over by suspicion, finally discovers the truth, but too late: Clémence, whose honor has been unjustly doubted, lets herself die of grief. Ferragus, that redoubtable father who reigned over Paris, remains alone, annihilated by the loss of his daughter, wandering like a shadow through the city. Balzac makes of Paris a labyrinth of deceptive appearances in which the slightest suspicion unleashes catastrophes, and gives body to the fantasy of a secret society manipulating destinies. The novel illustrates the destructive power of jealousy and curiosity, and the fragility of innocence before subterranean forces. By its atmosphere of urban mystery and its picture of an occult power, Ferragus inaugurates a trilogy exploring the shadowy wings of the capital, where love, honor, and death are knotted in the dark. The second part of the History of the Thirteen, La Duchesse de Langeais is the tale of a love transformed into a mortal duel between pride and passion. General Armand de Montriveau, a taciturn hero and member of the Thirteen, falls in love with the Duchesse Antoinette de Langeais, a brilliant coquette of the Faubourg Saint-Germain. She, half in worldly play and half from religious scruple, inflames him with a thousand teasing wiles, then refuses herself, leading him to the brink of despair without ever yielding. Humiliated by this cruel game, Montriveau organizes his revenge: with the help of the Thirteen, he abducts the duchess and threatens to brand her with a red-hot iron, revealing that he could have disfigured her. This ordeal reveals to Antoinette the depth of Montriveau's passion and awakens in her a true love. But the roles then reverse: it is now she who loves and offers herself, he who withdraws out of wounded pride. When she humbles herself and implores him in vain, the despairing duchess vanishes from the world and takes refuge in a Carmelite convent on an island off Spain, there to bury her love. Years later, Montriveau, having found her trail, comes with the Thirteen to tear her from the cloister; but he finds only a corpse: the nun has just expired. He carries off only her remains, which he then casts into the sea. Balzac paints love as a combat in which the pride of each makes the misfortune of both, and sets aristocratic coquetry against the violence of an absolute passion. The novel, one of the most intense of the cycle, meditates on desire, vanity, and the irreparable. The third part of the History of the Thirteen, La Fille aux yeux d'or opens with a striking panorama of a Paris devoured by gold and pleasure, where each social class is driven by the thirst to enjoy and to possess. The dandy Henri de Marsay, a member of the Thirteen and natural son of the English lord Dudley, falls for a young woman of strange beauty, with golden eyes — Paquita Valdès — whom he glimpses in the Tuileries. Through the offices of servants, he manages to join her in a sumptuous, oriental boudoir, where an exalted, troubling passion is consummated. But de Marsay gradually discovers that Paquita is held prisoner and jealously guarded: she belongs to a woman who loves and sequesters her. At the height of fascination and the rage of possession, de Marsay returns to avenge himself, but finds Paquita murdered in a bloody scene: her rival, the Marquise de San-Réal, has killed her out of jealousy on discovering that she also loved a man. The denouement reveals the latent incest of fate: the murderous marquise is de Marsay's own half-sister, born of the same father. The two enemies recognize each other as brother and sister over the body of the woman they both loved and who betrayed them both. Balzac unfolds a vision of Paris as a capital of decadence, luxury, and forbidden passions, and boldly explores the ambiguity of desire and the troubled zones of sexuality. The tale, famous for its sociological opening and its dark eroticism, closes the trilogy of the Thirteen on a note of violence and fatality. It is a feverish work, where gold and blood mingle in the Paris of hidden pleasures.

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